Synergistic Antitumor Effect of Everolimus Combined with Gemcitabine on Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of mTOR inhibitors everolimus (EVE) and gemcitabine (GEM) on the proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell line U2932, and further explore the molecular mechanisms, so as to provide new ideas and experimental basis for the clinical treatment of DLBCL.@*METHODS@#The effect of EVE and GEM on the proliferation of U2932 cells was detected by CCK-8 assay, the IC50 of the two drugs was calculated, and the combination index (CI=) of the two drugs was calculated by CompuSyn software. The effect of EVE and GEM on apoptosis of U2932 cells was detected by flow cytometry with AnnexinV-FITC/PI staining. Flow cytometry with propidium iodide (PI) staining was used to detect the effect of EVE and GEM on the cell cycle of U2932 cells. Western blot assay was used to detect the effects of EVE and GEM on the channel proteins p-mTOR and p-4EBP1, the anti-apoptotic proteins MCL-1 and Survivin, and the cell cycle protein Cyclin D1.@*RESULTS@#Both EVE and GEM could significantly inhitbit the proliferation of U2932 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner (r=0.465, 0.848; 0.555, 0.796). According to the calculation of CompuSyn software, EVE combined with GEM inhibited the proliferation of U2932 cells at 24, 48 and 72 h with CI=<1, which had a synergistic effect. After treated U2932 cells with 10 nmol/L EVE, 250 nmol/L GEM alone and in combination for 48 h, both EVE and GEM induced apoptosis, and the difference was statistically significant compared with the control group (P<0.05). The apoptosis rate was significantly enhanced after EVE in combination with GEM compared with single-agent (P<0.05). Both EVE and GEM alone and in combination significantly increased the proportion of cells in G1 phase compared with the control group (P<0.05). The proportion of cells in G1 phase was significantly increased when the two drugs were combined (P<0.05). The expression of p-mTOR and effector protein p-4EBP1 was significantly downregulated in the EVE combined with GEM group, the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins MCL-1, Survivin and cell cycle protein cyclin D1 was downregulated too (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#EVE combined with GEM can synergistically inhibit the proliferation of U2932 cells, and the mechanism may be that they can synergistically induce apoptosis by downregulating the expression of MCL-1 and Survivin proteins and block the cell cycle progression by downregulating the expression of Cyclin D1.

Somatostatin-Positive Neurons in the Rostral Zona Incerta Modulate Innate Fear-Induced Defensive Response in Mice / 神经科学通报·英文版

Defensive behaviors induced by innate fear or Pavlovian fear conditioning are crucial for animals to avoid threats and ensure survival. The zona incerta (ZI) has been demonstrated to play important roles in fear learning and fear memory, as well as modulating auditory-induced innate defensive behavior. However, whether the neuronal subtypes in the ZI and specific circuits can mediate the innate fear response is largely unknown. Here, we found that somatostatin (SST)-positive neurons in the rostral ZI of mice were activated by a visual innate fear stimulus. Optogenetic inhibition of SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI resulted in reduced flight responses to an overhead looming stimulus. Optogenetic activation of SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI induced fear-like defensive behavior including increased immobility and bradycardia. In addition, we demonstrated that manipulation of the GABAergic projections from SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI to the downstream nucleus reuniens (Re) mediated fear-like defensive behavior. Retrograde trans-synaptic tracing also revealed looming stimulus-activated neurons in the superior colliculus (SC) that projected to the Re-projecting SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI (SC-ZIrSST-Re pathway). Together, our study elucidates the function of SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI and the SC-ZIrSST-Re tri-synaptic circuit in mediating the innate fear response.

Glutamatergic Neurons in the Caudal Zona Incerta Regulate Parkinsonian Motor Symptoms in Mice / 神经科学通报·英文版

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common and fastest-growing neurodegenerative disorder. In recent years, it has been recognized that neurotransmitters other than dopamine and neuronal systems outside the basal ganglia are also related to PD pathogenesis. However, little is known about whether and how the caudal zona incerta (ZIc) regulates parkinsonian motor symptoms. Here, we showed that specific glutamatergic but not GABAergic ZIc

A Deep Mesencephalic Nucleus Circuit Regulates Licking Behavior / 神经科学通报·英文版

Licking behavior is important for water intake. The deep mesencephalic nucleus (DpMe) has been implicated in instinctive behaviors. However, whether the DpMe is involved in licking behavior and the precise neural circuit behind this behavior remains unknown. Here, we found that the activity of the DpMe decreased during water intake. Inhibition of vesicular glutamate transporter 2-positive (VGLUT2+) neurons in the DpMe resulted in increased water intake. Somatostatin-expressing (SST+), but not protein kinase C-δ-expressing (PKC-δ+), GABAergic neurons in the central amygdala (CeA) preferentially innervated DpMe VGLUT2+ neurons. The SST+ neurons in the CeA projecting to the DpMe were activated at the onset of licking behavior. Activation of these CeA SST+ GABAergic neurons, but not PKC-δ+ GABAergic neurons, projecting to the DpMe was sufficient to induce licking behavior and promote water intake. These findings redefine the roles of the DpMe and reveal a novel CeASST-DpMeVGLUT2 circuit that regulates licking behavior and promotes water intake.

Precise resection and defect repair of external nose malignant tumor / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To explore the methods for the accurate resection of malignant tumors of the external nose, and the accurate evaluation and repair of tissue defects. Methods: We collected 48 cases with nasal malignant tumors treated in 980 Hospital, Joint Support Force of the People's Liberation Army from January 2010 to June 2020, including 28 males and 20 females, aged 36-86 years. The pathological types of tumors included basal cell carcinomas (n=29), squamous cell carcinomas (n=11), trichilemmal carcinomas(n=6), denoid cystic carcinoma (n=1) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n=1). Tumor resection was mainly based on the traditional extended resection determined by the safety margin, and Mohs surgery was used to minimize the scope of resection, for the margin that significantly affected the repairing results, such as the lesion adjacent to the nasal alar margin, nasal columella or deep easy-penetrating margin. All cases obtained tumor resection and primary/secondary defect reconstruction. Results: According to the pathological type and tumor size, the safe resection margin was mainly 4-10 mm, and Mohs surgery was used in 24 cases. Limited-size defects in 38 cases were repaired with double-leaf flaps, kite flaps, nasal dorsum brow flaps, nasolabial flaps or free tissues. Among 10 cases with compound defects, 8 cases were repaired with frontal flaps, including 4 cases with single frontal flaps, 2 cases with additional titanium mesh stent reconstruction and 2 cases with over and out frontal flaps. During follow-up of 1 to 10 years, all the flaps survived without flap necrosis, and the postoperative nasal contour and ventilation were satisfactory. One patient had tumor recurrence 18 months after operation, 2 patients died of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and other patients survived without tumors. Conclusions: Mohs surgery can basically meet the requirements for precise resection of external nasal malignant tumors. Individualized application of adjacent tissue flaps and various frontal flaps is a reasonable choice to achieve the satisfactory outcome of external nasal repair and to take into account the complexity of operation.

Free rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap for the reconstruction of major and complex defects in the craniofacial regions after ablation of advanced sinonasal carcinomas / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To explore the method and plausibility of using free rectus abdominis flap (FRAF) to reconstruct the major and complex defects in the craniofacial regions after ablation of advanced sinonasal carcinoma. Methods: From 2007 to 2018 at No. 980 Hospital of Joint Logistic Supportive Force of People's Liberation Army of China, 13 patients with advanced carcinoma of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, including 11 males and 2 females, aged from 33 to 67 years, were treated with FRAF to repair the invasion of skull base, face and orbit. Based on adequate and meticulous preoperative evaluations on patients and tumors, complete resection of tumor bulks was performed. According to the sites, characters and extents of the defects, FRAF was introduced in different ways into reconstruction of major and complex defects in the craniofacial regions after resection of advanced sinonasal carcinomas, restoring the structure and contour of the craniofacial region. Results: Complete resection of tumors was achieved in all cases. For repairing the major and complex defects resulted from tumor ablation, FRAF graft was conducted in 13 patients with advanced sinonasal carcinomas. The recipient vessels were facial artery and vein in 9 cases, superficial temporal artery and vein in 4 cases. Vascular bridging with the external jugular vein was carried out in 2 cases who underwent submandibular neck dissections, in which facial artery and vein were used as recipient vessels. Free fibular flap was used along with FRAF in a case undergone bilateral maxillectomy. Pedicled galea capitis and periosteal flap were applied simultaneously in 3 cases with dura defects at the skullbase resulted from tumor resection. All flaps used in 13 cases survived uneventfully without major complications, with successful repair of defects, reconstruction of structures and restoration of contour of craniofacial regions. Conclusion: With adequate evaluation of resectability of tumors as well as nature and extent of defects after tumor removal, FRAF transplantation is an ideal method and strategy of choice for reconstructing the major and complex defects in craniofacial regions resulted from tumor ablation of advanced sinonasal carcinomas.

Effect of Autophagy to Drug Resistance of B-cell Lymphoma Cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of autophagy on the drug resistance of different human lymphoma cells.@*METHODS@#Human Burkitt's lymphoma cell Daudi, human B lymphoma cell SUDHL-4, and human mantle cell lymphoma cell JeKo-1 were taken as the research subjects. The expression of Atg5 was inhibited by the treatments of autophagy inhibitors or stable interference via lentivirus infection. The autophagy activity of B lymphoma cell was changed, and the changes of lymphoma cells to the drug resistance of ADR and VCR was observed.@*RESULTS@#JeKo-1 cells showed the strongest resistance to ADR and VCR, followed by SUDHL-4, and Daudi cells showed the weakest resistance to ADR and VCR. At the same time, JeKo-1 cells showed the strongest autophagy activity, followed by SUDHL-4, and Daudi cells showed the weakest autophagy activity. After the treatments of autophagy inhibitors or stable Atg5 interference, the resistance of lymphoma cells to ADR and VCR was significantly weakened, and there was the positive correlation at the drug resistance and the autophagy activity of B lymphoma cell.@*CONCLUSION@#The higher autophagy activity in lymphoma cells, the lower chemotherapy resistance of the lymphoma cells after autophagy was inhibited.

Effects of light quality on growth and icariin flavonoid content of Epimedium pseudowushanense under different light intensity / 中国中药杂志

In this study, the growth index including plant height, compound leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf water content, number of branches, and leaf biomass per plant and the icariin flavonoids such as epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C and icariin of Epimedium pseudowushanense were determined on 30 d and 60 d under light intensity(18.2±2.5) μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)(L1) and(90.9 ±2.5) μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)(L2), and white light as control, red light, blue light and yellow light were used as three light quality treatments, to study the effect of light quality on the growth and flavonoids accumulation of E. pseudowushanense. The E. pseudowushanense was sui-table for growth under L1 light intensity, the blue light treatment significantly reduced the leaf area, but had little effect on the stem height, the red light treatment and the yellow light treatment had no obvious effect on the stem height and leaf area, but the yellow light treatment significantly increased the germination of new branches, and had a sustained promoting effect, and the biomass was significantly higher than the white light treatment at 60 d. The content of icariin flavonoids in red light, blue light and yellow light treatment was higher than that in white light treatment at 30 d and 60 d under L1 light intensity, while yellow light treatment promoted the synthesis of icariin flavonoids to the largest extent, which was 1.8 and 1.9 times of white light treatment(30 d and 60 d).Under L2 light intensity, the effect of strong light on promoting stem germination became the main factor, while the yellow light treatment showed no significant effect on promoting stem germination, and the red light treatment exhibited a significant effect on reducing leaf area. Icariin flavonoids under red light, blue light and yellow light treatment were all lower than that under white light treatment, that is, the effect of white light treatment on the synthesis of icariin flavonoids is better than red light, blue light and yellow light treatment. When the time of strong light treatment was longer, the degradation range of icariin flavonoids in other light treatment appeared, while red light treatment promotes the synthesis of icariin flavonoids. Therefore, the influence of light quality on E. pseudowushanense is quite different under different light intensity, no matter from growth index or flavonoid content index. The results support that the biomass and icariin flavonoid content can be increased by providing appropriate red and yellow light.

Correlation between Expression of CXCL12, CXCR4, VEGF, MVD and Prognosis in Patients with Multiple Myeloma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the expressions of stromal cell-derived factor (CXCL12), stromal cell-derived factor receptor (CXCR4), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and microvessel density (MVD) in bone marrow microsputum of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and their correlation with the prognosis.@*METHODS@#The expressions of CXCL12, CXCR4, VEGF and MVD in bone marrow microtubules of 57 newly diagnosed MM patients and 26 normal bone marrow samples were detected by immunohistochemistry. The rank sum test was used to compare the differences between the two groups. The clinical data of the patients were collected to analyze the correlation between the indicators of the MM group and the prognosis.@*RESULTS@#The expressions of CXCL12, CXCR4, VEGF and MVD in the bone marrow biopsy of the patients in MM group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group (P＜0.05). The expressions levels of CXCL12, CXCR4, VEGF and MVD were in the bone marrow of the patients in MM group were correlated with the ISS stage, risk stratification and the proportion of plasma cells in the bone marrow (P＜0.05). Univariate analysis showed that age, ISS stage, risk stratification, plasma cell ratio, expressions of CXCL12, CXCR4, VEGF, and MVD associated with the prognosis of patients with MM (P＜0.05). Multivariate analysis found that expressions of CXCR4, VEGF, MVD, age, and plasma cell ratio were independent prognostic factors.@*CONCLUSION@#The expressions of CXCL12, CXCR4, VEGF and MVD are increase in the bone marrow of patients with multiple myeloma, and their expressions levels are associate with the occurrence and development of multiple myeloma, and their high expression may indicate a poor prognosis.

Changing trend in prognosis of primary hypopharyngeal carcinoma and reason analysis: date comparison of 2003-2007 and 2010-2014 in a single centre / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

To explore changing trend in prognosis of primary hypopharyngeal carcinoma and to analyze the reasons at the Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 461 patients with primary hypopharyngeal carcinoma treated at the Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University from 2003 to 2007 (Group 1) and 2010 to 2014 (Group 2) according to the inclusion criteria. 142 from Group 1, including 133 males and 9 females, rangedfrom 38 to 82 years old and 319 from Group 2, including 313 males and 6 females, ranged from 39 to 81 years old, were included in this work. The laryngeal function preservation rate, survival outcome, application and effect of pre-and post-operative adjuvant therapy were compared. SPSS 24.0 was used for statistical analyses. There were 62 patients with early disease (T1-2N0) including 18 in Group 1 and 44 in Group 2, in whom 3 (16.7%) underwent surgical procedures with laryngeal function preservation in Group 1, while, 30 (68.2%) underwent laryngeal function preservation surgery in Group 2. The laryngeal function preservation rate showed an obviously upward trend in recent years (χ(2)=13.617, 0.001), whereas, the recurrence-free survival rate (RFS) and overall survival rate (OS) showed no significant differences between two groups (0.469 and 0.808, respectively). Among the 399 patients with advanced disease, 124 were in Group 1 and 275 in Group 2. After propensity score matching (PSM) was used, the OS rate was significantly higher for Group 2 than Group 1 (0.017), while the application of laryngeal function preservation surgery was significantly higher in Group 2 (χ(2)=4.686, 0.030). The application rates of preoperative adjuvant therapy and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy were significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 (χ(2)=5.687, 0.017; χ(2)=19.407, 0.001). The application of laryngeal function preserving surgery significantly increases the retention rate of laryngeal functions in patients with early-stage hypopharyngeal carcinoma, with similar long-term survival outcomes. The application of comprehensive treatment including preoperative adjuvant therapy and postoperative adjuvant treatments, especially postoperative chemoradiotherapy, shows an obvious increase in the function preservation rate and long-term survival in patients with advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma.

Effect of maternal exposure to Curcumae Rhizoma during pregnancy on neurodevelopment and apoptosis mechanism in offspring / 中国中药杂志

Curcumae Rhizoma is a Chinese medicinal herb that is contraindicated during pregnancy. Cold-congelation and blood-stasis are corresponding syndromes to Curcumae Rhizoma. Whether syndrome-based treatment is associated with developmental neurotoxicity of Curcumae Rhizoma remains to be unclear. To verify the theory of traditional Chinese medicine of "syndrome-based treatment during pregnancy", the present study induced the mice blood stasis model by immersing mice in ice water. Pregnant C57 BL/6 wild type(WT) mice and pregnant Nrf2 knock out(KO) mice were randomly divided into control groups and Rhizoma Curcumae exposure groups. The mice were exposed to Rhizoma Curcumae during day 5 to day 18 after pregnancy. The neurodevelopment was examined to evaluate the differences of developmental neurotoxicity between normal and blood-stasis pregnant mice exposed to Rhizoma Curcumae. caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity in brain of the offspring were measured by colorimetric assays. Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression in brain of the offspring were examined by Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. According to the findings, C57 BL/6 mice exposed to Rhizoma Curcumae(10.0 g·kg~(-1)) had a longer positive occurring time of the surface righting reflex test of offspring and higher caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities in brain of offspring, compared with the normal control group, but with no significant change in those of blood-stasis pregnant mice offspring. However, mice exposed to Rhizoma Curcumae(10.0 g·kg~(-1)) showed no change in Bcl-2 gene expression and p38 MAPK phosphorylation in brain of the offspring. Nrf2 gene knockout using CRISPR/Cas9 resulted in a longer positive occurring time of the surface righting reflex test of offspring and higher caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities in brain of offspring. In conclusion, developmental neurotoxicity of the blood-stasis pregnant mice exposed to Rhizoma Curcumae was weaker than that of the normal pregnant mice. Nrf2 activation involved in the phenomenon of Rhizoma Curcumae of "syndrome-based treatment during pregnancy", but the upstream signal pathway mechanism value shall be further investigated.

Expression and Significance of LncRNA RP11-513G11.1 in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the expression and significance of LncRNA RP11-513G11.1 in peripheral blood of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and to analyze its correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients.@*METHODS@#The serum samples of 93 patients with DLBCL(DLBCL group) and 62 normal persons (control group) were collected from the Department of Hematology, Southwest Medical University. The expression of RP11-513G11.1 in serum samples was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, the relationship between the RP11-513G11.1 expression with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Compared with normal control group, the expression of RP11-513G11.1 significantly increased in DLBCL patients (P<0.001). The expression of RP11-513G11.1 not related with the age, sex, course of treatment and germinal center B-cell-like lymphoma(GCB) subtypes of the patients, but it related with the diameter of tumor,Ann Arbor stage,B symptoms,chemosensitivity and the international prognostic index(IPI) (P<0.05). The progression-free survival time and overall survival time of patients, whom with high expression of RP11-513G11.1 were significantly shorter than those of RP11-513G11.1 low expression（P<0.001）. The median progression-free survival time and overall survival time of chemotherapy-sensitive patients were significantly longer than those of chemotherapy-resistant patients (P<0.001). Univariate analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that Ann Arbor stage, RP11-513G11.1 expression, IPI and chemosensitivity were also the independent factors affecting the prognosis of DLBCL patients（P<0.05）.@*CONCLUSION@#RP11-513G11.1 is highly expressed in patients with DLBCL, which is related with the prognosis of DLBCL patients.

Beneficial effect of berberine on atherosclerosis based on attenuating vascular inflammation and calcification / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate the beneficial effect of berberine (BBR) on atherosclerosisin Apo-/-E mice and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods Fortyeight Apo-/-E mice were randomly allocated into 4 groups: control, model (fed with highfat diet for 4 weeks), BBR[p.o., 100 mg/(kg · d)]and Atorvastatin [p.o., 5 mg/ (kg · d)]groups with 12 mice in each group. The morphology and inflammation infiltration of aortic were examined with HE staining. The expressions of BMP-2, OPG, OCN, RUNX2 in aortic were examined by immumohisto-chemical staining. Blood lipid levels were examined by automatic biochemical analyzer. The expressions of IL-6, TNF-α and BMP-2 in serum and tissues were detected by ELISA method. The expression of ALP and the content of calcium were detected. HUVECs were stimulated with TNF-a and incubated with various concentrations of BBR for 24 h.The content of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, MMP-9 in the culture supernatant was detected by ELISA method. Results 4-week berberine treatment significantly reduced serum TC and LDL-c levels and improved the plaque stability in Apo-/-E mice fed with a high-fat diet(P＜0.05) which was comparable with the effect of atorvastatin. Berberine also significantly decreased the level of IL-6 and TNF-a in mice serum and aortic tissues (P＜0.05). Berberine tended to decrease ALP, BMP-2 levels and the content of calcium in mice serum and aortic tissues (P＜0.05) which were not observed in atorvastatin group. Berberine significantly reduced the levels of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MMP-9 in TNF-a-stimulated HUVECs. Conclusions BBR can profitably regulate the level of blood lipid in mice fed with a high-fat diet, decrease the injury caused by inflammation, and attenuate vascular calcification. It may improve atherosclerosis and make a contribution to cardiovascular protection.

A Fast Analytical Approach for Determination of 16 Kinds of Mycotoxins in Vegetable Oils Using Stable Isotope Dilution and Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry / 分析化学

A fast, simple and cost-effective UPLC-MS / MS method was established for determination of 16 kinds of mycotoxins in vegetable oils with stable isotope dilution technique. Samples were extracted by acetonitrile-water-acetic acid 84: 15: 1(V/ V) and then diluted using water without any further clean-up steps. The mycotoxins were fully separated on a pentafluorophenyl column. Matrix effects were efficiently compensated by the [ 13 C]-labelled internal standards. The mean recoveries at three different concentration levels ranged from 74. 2％ to 105. 6％ , with RSD varied from 0. 3％ to 13. 9％ . Finally, the method was applied to analyze several kinds of vegetable oil samples. The method was simple, rapid, high sensitive and suitable for the determination of mycotoxins in vegetable oils.

Effect of Shh and BM-MSC Synergism on the Proliferation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect and mechanism of shh and mesenchymal stem cell（MSC）synergism on the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells in noninvasive co-culture system in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in vitro，CD34 cells were sorted by mini MACS magnetic bead separator，flow cytometry was used to identify the purity of 2 cells. CD34 cells and MSCs were seeded to upper and low of transwell respecibely for non-contact coculture，and add exogenous shh protein for intervenece. The number of MSCs and HSCs，the total amount of RNA，the expression of ki67 and Tie-2 mRNA of HSC，the expression of VEGF and Ang-1 mRNA of MSC were detected for investigating the condition of cell proliferation and the expression of angiogenic factors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total number of cells，the total amount of RNA and the relative expression of ki67, Tie-2, VEGF and Ang-1 in non-contact co-culture group increased and showed the following trends on the 7th day：the above-mentioned indexes in group MSC + HSC, group shh + HSC were higher than those in group HSC, while those in MSC + shh + HSC Group was higher than those in MSC + HSC and shh + HSC group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Angiogenic factors help MSC to proliferate HSC and amplify the CD34 hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells by shh and MSC synergism in vitro coculture system which may be related with angiogenic factors.</p>

Retrospective analysis of 188 cases of parapharyngeal space tumors / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

To explore the diagnosis,treatment,surgical approach and prognosis of parapharyngeal space tumors.The clinical data of 188 patients with parapharyngeal space tumor who were treated from January 2007 to December 2016 were analyzed retrospectively.All patients underwent imaging examination before operation.Surgical approach was as follows:transcervical approach applied in 159 cases,endoscopic-assisted transnasal approach in 9 cases,transcervical-transmandibular approach in 8 cases,transcervical-transparotid approach in 8 cases,transoral approach in 7 cases,and infratemporal fossa approach in 4 case.Of the 188 cases,the tumor was benign in nature in 168 cases(89%)and malignant in 20 cases(11%).Complications occurred in 28(15%)patients,with the most common symptom being hoarseness.168 cases of benign tumors were followed up for 10 months to 10 years,and 3 cases were lost and 4 cases had recurrence.All cases underwent re-operation.Patients with malignant tumors received combined treatment after surgery,and 3 cases were lost to follow-up,1 case died of recurrence 9 months after surgery,the rest survived.Surgery is the preferred method for treating parapharyngeal space tumors and postoperative recurrence rate is pretty low.Endoscopy provides a new surgical management method,helping to reduce postoperative complications and recurrence rate.

Influencing Factors of Nosocomial Infection after Chemotherapy in Adult Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Its Control Strategy / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influencing factors of nosocomial infection in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its control strategies.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 109 patients with AML treated in our hospital from June 2014 to June 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical factors were analyzed retrospectively, and the influencing factors of infection after chemotherapy were explored.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 109 patients received chemotherapy for 267 case-times, the infection occurred in 168 case-times, the nosocomial infection rate was 62.92%, the main affected sites included upper respiratory tract and lung. 155 samples from 168 case-times infection patients were collected and cultured, 32 pathogens were obtained with a positive rate 20.6% (32/155), including 14 Gram-negative bacteria, 9 Gram-positive bacteria and 4 strains of fungi and 5 strains of other pathogens. Statistics showed that the patient's age over 40 years old, hospitalization in spring and summer, glucocorticoid therapy, high intensity chemotherapy, neutrophil count, white blood cell count and hemoglobin content were the independent risk factors for infection after chemotherapy in AML patients (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The age of more than 40 years old, hospitalization in spring and summer, glucocorticoid therapy, high-intensity chemotherapy, white blood cell count, neutrophil count and hemoglobin content are the independent risk factors for infection after chemotherapy in the AML patients with the above-mentioned characteristics, they should be closely monitored, and chemotherapy intensity should be controled, so as to control the occurrence of infection; and in the event of infection, a timely powerful anti-infective treatment would be indispensable.</p>

Relationship between catecholamine level and gene polymorphism of β1 adrenergic receptor G1165C in children with EV71 infection in hand foot and mouth disease

Objective To investigate the relationship between the levels of plasma adrenaline and norepinephrine and gene polymorphism of β1 adrenergic receptor G1165C in children with enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection in hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD). Methods The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the expression of gene polymorphism of β1 adrenergic receptor G1165C in vitro. The levels of plasma adrenaline and norepinephrine were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The plasma norepinephrine level of severe group was significantly higher than the mild group in children with EV71 infection in HFMD (P 0.05); There was no significant difference in the distribution of β1 adrenergic receptor G1165C genotype and allele between EV71 infection group and healthy control group (P > 0.05). Further analysis of EV71 infection group by dividing it into mild and severe groups showed that there was no significant difference in the distribution of genotype and allele between these two groups as well (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine in different genotypes of EV71 infection group (P > 0.05), and in the levels of plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine in the mild and severe groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions As the disease gets worse, the plasma norepinephrine level has a rising trend in children with EV71 infection in HFMD, which is an important indicator to evaluate the progress of the disease. However, the gene polymorphism of β1 adrenergic receptor G1165C have no significant correlation, not only with the susceptibility and severity of EV71 infection in hand, foot and mouth disease, but also with the levels of catecholamine.

Discussion on related problems of model species of fungus： Paecilomyces hepialid / 中国中药杂志

Paecilomyces hepiali is a new species of fungus isolated from a field collection of Ophiocordyceps sinensis from Baima snow mountain, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province by the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. The specimen was identified and named as Paecilomyces hepiali by Qing-Tao Chen, the professor of the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Paecilomyces hepiali) (2008), who identified a dried culture of living strain 82-2 as the holotype. Until now, the holotype (the voucher specimen) was deposited in the Herbarium of the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica (HICMM), China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing. The P. hepiali neotype designated by the paper "Neotypification of P. hepiali (Hypocreales)" published in TAXON 64 (1) by Yao Yi-Jian et al. in February 2015 is untenable.

Relationship between catecholamine level and gene polymorphism of β1 adrenergic receptor G1165C in children with EV71 infection in hand foot and mouth disease

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the relationship between the levels of plasma adrenaline and norepinephrine and gene polymorphism of β1 adrenergic receptor G1165C in children with enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection in hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD).@*METHODS@#The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the expression of gene polymorphism of β1 adrenergic receptor G1165C in vitro. The levels of plasma adrenaline and norepinephrine were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).@*RESULTS@#The plasma norepinephrine level of severe group was significantly higher than the mild group in children with EV71 infection in HFMD (P  0.05); There was no significant difference in the distribution of β1 adrenergic receptor G1165C genotype and allele between EV71 infection group and healthy control group (P > 0.05). Further analysis of EV71 infection group by dividing it into mild and severe groups showed that there was no significant difference in the distribution of genotype and allele between these two groups as well (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine in different genotypes of EV71 infection group (P > 0.05), and in the levels of plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine in the mild and severe groups (P > 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#As the disease gets worse, the plasma norepinephrine level has a rising trend in children with EV71 infection in HFMD, which is an important indicator to evaluate the progress of the disease. However, the gene polymorphism of β1 adrenergic receptor G1165C have no significant correlation, not only with the susceptibility and severity of EV71 infection in hand, foot and mouth disease, but also with the levels of catecholamine.